Chemistry of Complex Compounds

COURSE CURRICULUM

1.

Course title

CHEMISTRY OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS

2.

Code

HM-821

3.

Study curriculum

Applied chemistry

4.

Organizer of the curriculum (institute, department)

PMF-Skopje, Institute of chemistry

5.

Degree (BSc, MSc, PhD)

BSc

6.

Academic year/semester

IV/VIII

7.

ECTS points

6

8.

Lecturer

Slobotka Aleksovska, Full Professor

9.

Prerequisites

Inorganic Chemistry, Selected chapters of physical chemistry

10.

Course objectives (competences):
Studying the properties of transition elements, their metal complex compounds, their application, as well as complex compounds in biological systems - metal-proteins and metal-enzymes.

11.

Course content:
-          Introduction and general properties of transition elements: Definition; I. d-elements; I.1. Occurrence and extraction; I.2. Physical properties (melting and boiling points, densities, crystal structures, magnetic properties, etc.); I.3. General trends in chemical behaviour; I.4. Factors influencing chemical behaviour (effective nuclear charge, ionic and covalent radii, ionization energies, electron affinities); I.5. Oxidation numbers of d-elements.
-          Lanthanides and actinides – General properties of the elements.
-          Introduction to the chemistry of complex (coordination) compounds: Definitions of complex particle, central metal ion, ligands, types of ligands (types of ligands – anionic, neutral, cationic, mono-, bi-, polydentate); constitution of coordination compounds (outer, inner sphere); types of complex particles (cationic, anionic, neutral).
-          Coordination number and geometry of complex compounds: Definition of coordination number and factors affecting it; Coordination number 2 – linear geometry, examples; Coordination number 3 – trigonal-planar geometry, examples; Coordination number 4 – tetrahedral and square-planar geometry, examples; Coordination number 5 – square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, examples; Coordination number 6 – octahedral, cubic and trigonal-prismatic geometry, examples; Coordination number 7 – pentagonal-bypiramid, capped octahedron and capped triangular prism geometry, examples; Coordination number 8 – square antiprism, dodecahedron, cube geometry, examples; Coordination number 9 – capped antiprismatic geometry, examples; Coordination number 10 and Coordination number 12 in some f-elements; Polymetallic clusters – metal cage compounds.
-          Isomerism in complex compounds – Structural isomerism (ionic, ionization, hydrate, coordination); Geometric isomerism (cis-trans isomerism) and optical isomerism.
-          Nomenclature of complex compounds.
-          Chemical bonds in complex compounds – Theory of valence bonds in complex compounds (types of hybridization of the metal central ion d2sp3, sp3d2, sp3, dsp2, sp2, sp, dsp3, sp3d, d3sp3).
-          Crystal field theory – General assumptions of crystal field theory; Octahedral crystal field (splitting of five-fold degenerate orbitals into two t2g and eg levels; Splitting parameter in crystal field; Factors affecting the splitting parameter; Spectrochemical series of ligands; stabilization energy in crystal field; pairing energy; High-spin and low-spin complexes; Tetrahedral crystal field (splitting of five-fold degenerate orbitals, examples); Square-planar crystal field (splitting of five-fold degenerate orbitals, examples); Jahn-Teller effect; Limitations of crystal field theory.
-          Ligand field theory – Molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding, nonbonding); Basic concepts of orbital symmetry; Symmetry adapted linear combinations of orbitals; Complexes with σ-ligands; Complexes with π-donor ligands; Complexes with π-acceptor ligands.
-          Magnetic properties of complex compounds – Origin of magnetism in complexes (orbital magnetic moment, spin magnetic moment); Magnetic susceptibility; Diamagnetic and paramagnetic complexes; Spin-spin magnetic moment; Experimental determination of magnetic properties.
-          Color and electronic spectra of complex compounds – Electromagnetic spectrum, absorption, reflection, transmission, visible light, color, complementary colors; Bonding: splitting energy, absorption, color; Chromophoric groups; Terms; Racah parameters; Nephelometric parameter and nephelometric series; Allowed and forbidden transitions, selection rules, The Laporte selection rule; Types of transitions in complexes; Types of bands in the electronic spectra of complexes.
-          Stability of complex compounds – Thermodynamic and kinetic stability; Factors affecting the stability of complexes (electrostatic factor; polarizing power of the cation; polarizability of the anion; orbital stabilization energy; chelate effect); Formation constant of the complex; Dissociation constant of the complex.
-          Reactions of complex compounds – Substitution reactions (dissociative mechanism – SN1, associative mechanism – SN2, interchange mechanism); Trans effect.

12.

Teaching methods: lectures and laboratory classes

13.

Total available time

180

14.

Time distribution

3+0+3 hours/week (lectures 45, laboratory classes 45 hours)

15.

Teaching methods distribution

15.1.

Teaching - lectures

45 hours

15.2.

Practicals (laboratory, problem solving), seminars, team work

45 hours

16.

Other activities

16.1.

Projects

15 hours

16.2.

Independent work

15 hours

16.3.

Homework

60 hours

17.

Grading methods

17.1.

Tests

80 points

17.2.

Seminars/projects (written/oral presentation)

/

17.3.

Activity

20 points

18.

Grading scale (points/mark)

< 50 points

5 (five) (F)

51 to 60 points

6 (six) (E)

61 to 70 points

7 (seven) (D)

71 to 80 points

8 (eight) (C)

81 to 90 points

9 (nine) (B)

91 to 100 points

10 (ten) (A)

19.

Criteria for taking the final exam

Lecture attendance and completed exercises

20.

Course language

Macedonian, English

21.

Teaching quality control

Anonymous surveys, discussions with students

22.

Literature

22.1.

Compulsory

No.

Author

Title

Publisher

Year

1.

Shriver and Atkins

Inorganic Chemistry (fourth edition)

Oxford University Press, Mikena-Bitola, MK edition

2006

2.

Ivan Filipović i Stjepan Lipanović

Opća i anorganska kemija

Školska knjiga – Zagreb

1985

3.

Nikola B. Milić

Neorganska kompleksna i klasterna jedinjenja

PMF, Kragujevac

1998

22.2.

Additional

No.

Author

Title

Publisher

Year

1.

2.

3.

4.